The Nigerian Civil War (1967–1970), also known as the Biafran War, was a significant conflict that shaped the history of Nigeria and had a lasting impact on the Igbo community. The war was triggered by the secession of the southeastern region of Nigeria, led by Colonel Odumegwu Ojukwu, who declared the independence of Biafra. The Igbo people, who predominantly inhabited this region, sought to create their own nation due to political, ethnic, and economic tensions following Nigeria's independence.

The war was marked by intense fighting, with the Nigerian federal government ultimately defeating Biafran forces. However, the war led to catastrophic consequences, including widespread famine in Biafra, where millions of people, especially children, died due to starvation. The conflict also caused significant displacement, trauma, and loss of life among the Igbo population.

Though the war ended in 1970 with the reintegration of Biafra into Nigeria, the scars left by the conflict still affect the Igbo community today. The war highlighted issues of ethnic tensions, governance, and national unity in Nigeria, leading to ongoing conversations about justice, reconciliation, and the rights of various ethnic groups. Many Igbo people continue to advocate for the recognition of their suffering during the war and work toward ensuring that such a tragedy is never repeated.

In recent years, the memories of the war have fueled the aspirations of movements like IPOB (Indigenous People of Biafra), as they seek to address the grievances of the Igbo people and push for greater autonomy or independence. The Biafran War remains a pivotal chapter in the history of the Igbo community and Nigeria as a whole.